Glossary of Medical Terms

An impartial group that oversees a clinical trial and reviews the results to see if they are acceptable. This group determines if the trial should be changed or closed. Also called DSMB.

A drug used with other drugs to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Daunomycin hydrochloride blocks a certain enzyme needed for cell division and DNA repair, and it may kill cancer cells. It is a type of anthracycline antibiotic and a type of topoisomerase inhibitor. Also called Cerubidine and daunorubicin hydrochloride.

A drug used with other drugs to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Daunorubicin hydrochloride blocks a certain enzyme needed for cell division and DNA repair, and it may kill cancer cells. It is a type of anthracycline antibiotic and a type of topoisomerase inhibitor. Daunorubicin is the active ingredient of daunorubicin hydrochloride. Also called Cerubidine and daunomycin hydrochloride.

A form of the anticancer drugs daunorubicin hydrochloride and cytarabine that is contained inside very tiny, fat-like particles. It may have fewer side effects and work better than other forms of daunorubicin hydrochloride and cytarabine. Daunorubicin hydrochloride and cytarabine liposome is used to treat certain types of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Daunorubicin hydrochloride and cytarabine liposome is a type of topoisomerase inhibitor and a type of antimetabolite. Also called Vyxeos.

A drug used with low-dose cytarabine to treat acute myeloid leukemia that is newly diagnosed. It is used in patients who are 75 years and older or in patients who cannot be treated with other anticancer drugs. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Daurismo blocks a type of protein involved in cell growth and repair and may block the growth of cancer cells. It is a type of hedgehog signaling pathway antagonist. Also called glasdegib maleate.

A very rare disorder in which the bone marrow doesn’t make enough red blood cells. It is usually seen in the first year of life. Patients may have deformed thumbs and other physical problems. They also have an increased risk of leukemia and sarcoma, especially osteosarcoma (bone cancer). Patients with DBA may have a mutation (change) in one of the genes that make proteins found in the cell’s ribosomes. Also called Blackfan–Diamond anemia, congenital hypoplastic anemia, congenital pure red cell aplasia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, erythrogenesis imperfecta, and inherited erythroblastopenia.

A procedure used to look at the inside of the small intestine. A special instrument made up of two tubes (one inside the other) is inserted through the mouth or rectum and into the small intestine. The inside tube, which is an endoscope with a light and lens for viewing, is moved through part of the small intestine, and a balloon at the end of it is inflated to keep the endoscope in place. Next, the outer tube is moved through the small intestine to reach the end of the endoscope, and a balloon at the end of the outer tube is inflated to keep it in place. Then, the balloon at the end of the endoscope is deflated, and the endoscope is moved through the next part of the small intestine. These steps are repeated many times as the tubes move through the whole small intestine. This allows the doctor to see all of the small intestine. Tissue samples may be removed so they can be checked under a microscope for signs of disease. Also called double balloon endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy.

An abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used with radiation therapy to treat childhood Hodgkin lymphoma. It includes the drugs doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), bleomycin sulfate, vincristine sulfate, and etoposide. Also called ABVE, ABVE regimen, and DBVE regimen.

An abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used with radiation therapy to treat childhood Hodgkin lymphoma. It includes the drugs doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), bleomycin sulfate, vincristine sulfate, and etoposide. Also called ABVE, ABVE regimen, and DBVE.

An abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used with radiation therapy to treat childhood Hodgkin lymphoma. It includes the drugs doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), bleomycin sulfate, vincristine sulfate, etoposide, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide. Also called ABVE-PC, ABVE-PC regimen, and DBVE-PC regimen.